Hi,

1/ Because your configs are wrong. Please go to Appearance > Menus > on menu item "ADVENTURES" > remove all child menu items of this menu item - and set category mega menu to display on menu item "ADVENTURES"

After that, go to admin page > Posts > Categories > edit categories "CANADA", "EUROPE", "ASIA", "RUSSIA" > and set parent category of this categories is category "ADVENTURES" 

2/ Please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS to do that:

\
.featured-area{ margin-top: -60px; }\

3/ Unfortunately, for now this theme doesn't support this feature.

4/ Seem your config are wrong. You just need to add Featured Category elements & Latest Posts element from VC to your content - don't need to add rows wrapper it.

5/ To do that, please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS:

\
.penci-readmore-btn a, .penci-featured-cat-seemore a{display: inline-block; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 12px; }\

5a) This theme doesn't support change fonts for See more button, to change the colors, spacing, and make it all capitalize, please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS:

\
.penci-readmore-btn a, .penci-featured-cat-seemore a{ border-color: #967552; background-color: #967552; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 13px; }

5b) This theme doesn't support change fonts for PAGINATION, to change the color, please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS:

\
.penci-pagination ul.page-numbers li span, .penci-pagination ul.page-numbers li a, #comments_pagination span, #comments_pagination a{ color: #111; border-color: #212121;  }\
.penci-pagination ul.page-numbers li a:hover, #comments_pagination a:hover, .penci-pagination ul.page-numbers li span.current, #comments_pagination span{ color: #fff; background: #967552; border-color: #967552; }\

Change all color codes in the above codes to any color code you want.

6/ Sorry this theme doesn't support this feature. 

6a) To remove it, please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS:

\
.penci-readmore-btn i, .penci-featured-cat-seemore i{ display: none;  }

6b) Please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS to do that:

\
.cat > a.penci-cat-name:after{ width: 4px; height: 4px; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-border-radius: 50%; }

6c) Sorry, you can't do that. The categories display there will based on the posts categories.

7/ Please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS to do that:

\
.penci-promo-text h4{ font-size: 10px; color: #3a3a3a; padding: 13px 20px;  }\
.penci-promo-item:hover .penci-promo-text h4{ color: #967552; }

8/ Please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS to do that:

\
.home-featured-cat-content.style-7 .grid-header-box, .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo .magcat-detail{ text-align: center; }

9/ Sorry this theme doesn't support this feature.

10/ Please add more this code to Customize > Custom CSS to do that:

\
.widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a{ text-transform: uppercase; }

You can use container name is:

\
.widget ul.side-newsfeed

And please note:

You're the first customer requirements a lot of custom work around our theme. Please check Envato support policy for all items on themeforest here

Item customization - doesn't include in support policy.

And with all the helps above, we helped you a lot of customization outside support policy. So, in the next times, we will can't help you with your new customization requirements. We've more than 12k+ customers using this theme and we can't provide supports for each customer like you.

I think you can understand it.

Best Regards,

PenciDesign